Research for better intervention: A diagnosis of loneliness in older people in times of Covid-19

Abstract

Identifying loneliness within the biopsychosocial needs of older adults is crucial for future interventions. Through a collaboration between the Municipal Social Services Centres (MSSC) Arrabal and the University of Zaragoza (Spain), an analysis of loneliness in older people has been undertaken. The objective is to explore the biopsychosocial needs and loneliness perception among elderly MSSC users, particularly following the impact of COVID-19. Methodology. This exploratory study involved 13 participants aged 65 and over, MSSC users, selected from a similar 2019 study. A semi-structured interview, designed specifically for this research, was administered using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The script for this interview serves as a tool aimed to enhance social work practice by improving the diagnosis of situations of unwanted loneliness. Findings. Six main findings emerged: 1) COVID-19 has affected daily life. 2) Participants were satisfied with continued access to medical and social services. 3) Most did not report significant health changes, though some linked new conditions to the pandemic. 4) Social interactions with family and neighbours remained frequent, either in person or by phone. 5) Loneliness perception increased, particularly among childless and non-religious individuals. 6) Threat perception was not high, but certain activities were discontinued. Conclusions. This collaboration highlighted the importance of integrating practice with research to enhance knowledge and develop new tools, ultimately improving social work interventions with older adults. Connecting universities and social services strengthens the profession and broadens understanding. Keywords: social exclusion; social work; elderly; loneliness; Covid-19.